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1. Applying Anthropometric And Biomechanical Data In Product And Workstation Design
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Abstract: This review synthesizes recent advances in the application of anthropometric and biomechanical data for ergonomic product and workstation design. Emphasizing the importance of human centered approaches, the paper explores how precise anthropometric measurements and biomechanical analyses enhance customization and musculoskeletal safety. It highlights technological innovations such as digital human modeling, simulation platforms, and real time adaptive systems including posture detection and human digital twins, which facilitate dynamic ergonomic risk mitigation. Case studies from industries like healthcare, manufacturing, and agriculture demonstrate diverse applications of these methods, while evaluation methods combining quantitative metrics and user feedback validate their effectiveness. The review underscores challenges in integrating real time data and the need for continued development of adaptive ergonomic solutions to improve comfort, safety, and productivity in various work environments.
Keywords: Anthropometry, Biomechanics, Ergonomic Design, Digital Human Modeling, Real Time Monitoring, Workstation Design, Musculoskeletal Risk
Author: Dr Norhafizah Binti Mohamad Dasuki
Email: fizahdasuki@gmail.com
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Download PDF2. Designing For Diversity: A Human Factors Perspective On The 'People' Dimension Of The PACT Framework In Interactive Systems
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Abstract: This study examines the influence of user diversity on the design and effectiveness of interactive systems, with particular emphasis on the "People" component of the PACT (People, Activities, Contexts, Technologies) framework. As digital technologies become more embedded in everyday life, designing for variability in users’ physical, cognitive, and social characteristics has emerged as a central concern in human factors and ergonomics. Through a systematic review of over 15 peer-reviewed studies, this research identifies how differences in mobility, dexterity, and sensory capabilities impact interactions with modalities such as touch interfaces, 3D input devices, and motion-based controls. Psychological traits, including anxiety, resistance to change, and perceived social isolation, also surfaced as critical factors shaping user engagement and satisfaction, particularly in AI-enhanced environments. Social influences, including cultural background, group dynamics, and demographic variables, further mediate interaction patterns and acceptance of technology. These findings emphasize the need for inclusive, adaptive interface designs that can respond to a wide range of user profiles. By synthesizing insights across human physical, psychological, and social dimensions, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of inclusive design in HCI. It offers evidence-based design recommendations that support the development of systems that are not only functional and accessible, but also contextually sensitive and emotionally attuned. The implications aim to guide designers and developers in creating interactive technologies that enhance usability, equity, and user satisfaction across diverse populations.
Keywords: User-Centered Design, Inclusive Design, Human-Computer Interaction, Adaptive Interfaces, PACT Framework
Author: Assoc Prof Aslina
Email: aslinab@sunway.edu.my
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Download PDF3. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Risk In Manual Layup: An Ergonomic Case Study In The Aerospace Sector
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Abstract: This study investigates ergonomic risks associated with the manual hand layup process in aerospace sector, focusing on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Using a structured methodology aligned with the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia, the assessment incorporated the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and Assessment of Repetitive Tasks (ART). Findings revealed significant discomfort in the shoulders, lower back, and wrists due to repetitive motion and awkward postures, with ART and REBA scores indicating medium to high risk levels. Interventions including workstation redesign, use of ergonomic hand tools, job rotation, micro-breaks, and posture training were proposed to mitigate these risks. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating ergonomic principles to enhance worker safety, reduce injury, and improve productivity in composite manufacturing settings.
Keywords: Ergonomic Risk Assessment, Manual Hand Layup, Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, REBA Tool, ART Tool
Author: Dr Nooraizedfiza Binti Zainon
Email: aizedfiza@gmail.com
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Download PDF4. A Review Of Exoskeleton Integration To Enhance Workplace Safety
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Abstract: Creating a safe workplace in physically demanding working environments faces significant challenges; from the risk of musculoskeletal disorders to the increasing physical demands of labour, compounded by an ageing workforce. This review synthesises current literature on the integration of exoskeleton technologies aimed at enhancing occupational safety and ergonomics. It evaluates the biomechanical benefits of various exoskeleton types, including load reduction and improved stability, while addressing gender-specific adaptations and task performance outcomes. The paper also discusses barriers to adoption, such as usability, psychosocial factors, and economic considerations, alongside safety risks and regulatory gaps. Further, it explores cutting-edge design, evaluation methodologies, and real-world implementation strategies. Integration within Industry 4.0 and emerging Industry 5.0 frameworks highlights the potential for synergistic human-robot collaboration and smart workplace environments. The review concludes with recommendations that emphasising human-centric, ethical, and sustainable approaches for future research and practice in exoskeleton deployment to improve workplace safety and productivity.
Keywords: Exoskeletons, Workplace Safety, Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Adoption Barriers, Industry 4.0, Human-robot Collaboration
Author: Ms Atikah Binti Haji Awang
Email: gputeh@gmail.com
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